Rupture Model

As the scenario calculator does not need to determine the probability of occurrence of the specific rupture, but only sufficient information to parameterise the location (as a three-dimensional surface), the magnitude and the style-of- faulting of the rupture, a more simplified NRML structure is sufficient compared to the source model structures described previously in Source typologies. A rupture model XML can be defined in the following formats:

Simple Fault Rupture - in which the geometry is defined by the trace of the fault rupture, the dip and the upper and lower seismogenic depths. An example is shown in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
      xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5">

    <simpleFaultRupture>
      <magnitude>6.7</magnitude>
      <rake>180.0</rake>
      <hypocenter lon="-122.02750" lat="37.61744" depth="6.7"/>
      <simpleFaultGeometry>
        <gml:LineString>
          <gml:posList>
            -121.80236 37.39713
            -121.91453 37.48312
            -122.00413 37.59493
            -122.05088 37.63995
            -122.09226 37.68095
            -122.17796 37.78233
          </gml:posList>
        </gml:LineString>
        <dip>76.0</dip>
        <upperSeismoDepth>0.0</upperSeismoDepth>
        <lowerSeismoDepth>13.4</lowerSeismoDepth>
      </simpleFaultGeometry>
    </simpleFaultRupture>

</nrml>

Planar & Multi-Planar Rupture - in which the geometry is defined as a collection of one or more rectangular planes, each defined by four corners. An example of a multi-planar rupture is shown below in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
      xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5">

    <multiPlanesRupture>
        <magnitude>8.0</magnitude>
        <rake>90.0</rake>
        <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/>
            <planarSurface strike="90.0" dip="45.0">
                <topLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <topRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <bottomLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" />
                <bottomRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" />
            </planarSurface>
            <planarSurface strike="30.94744" dip="30.0">
                <topLeft lon="-0.42" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <topRight lon="-0.29967" lat="-2.09945" depth="0.0" />
                <bottomLeft lon="-0.28629" lat="-2.38009" depth="10.0" />
                <bottomRight lon="-0.16598" lat="-2.17955" depth="10.0" />
            </planarSurface>
    </multiPlanesRupture>

</nrml>

Complex Fault Rupture - in which the geometry is defined by the upper, lower and (if applicable) intermediate edges of the fault rupture. An example of a complex fault rupture is shown below in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
      xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5">

    <complexFaultRupture>
        <magnitude>8.0</magnitude>
        <rake>90.0</rake>
        <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/>
        <complexFaultGeometry>
            <faultTopEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.6 -1.5 2.0
                        1.0 -1.3 5.0
                        1.5 -1.0 8.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </faultTopEdge>
            <intermediateEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.65 -1.55 4.0
                        1.1  -1.4  10.0
                        1.5  -1.2  20.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </intermediateEdge>
            <faultBottomEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.65 -1.7 8.0
                        1.1  -1.6 15.0
                        1.5  -1.7 35.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </faultBottomEdge>
        </complexFaultGeometry>
    </complexFaultRupture>

</nrml>