Primary surface rupture models#

FixedPrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.fixed.FixedPrimarySR(value=1.0)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Fixed probability model for Primary Surface Rupture.

Returns a constant P(SR) value regardless of magnitude or style. This is useful when the user wants to assume surface rupture is certain (P(SR) = 1.0) or set to any other fixed probability.

Parameters:: value – The fixed probability value to return (float, optional). Must be between 0 and 1. Default is 1.0.

Mammarella2024PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.mammarella2024.Mammarella2024PrimarySR(MSR=None, HDD_str=None, dip_mu=None, dip_sigma=None, t_d=None, Zs_sigma=None, t_z=None, style=None, seismothickness=None, Zs_mu=None, width_model=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Probability of principal surface rupture after Mammarella et al. (2024).

Parameters:

mag – Moment magnitude Mw (float or array-like). Scalar input returns a scalar, a vector returns an array.
rake – Rake in degrees (float). Style-of-faulting is inferred: normal (3) for (-120,-60), reverse (4) for (60,120), strike-slip (5) otherwise.
seismothickness – Seismogenic thickness Zs_mu (float, km).
MSR – Magnitude scaling relation code (int) in {0, 1, 2}.
width_model – Explicit hazardlib width scaling relation replacing the integer MSR code (scalerel instance or str, optional). Accepts a scalerel instance (exposing get_median_width / get_std_dev_width) or a registered name resolved through openquake.hazardlib.valid.mag_scale_rel() (e.g. "Leonard2014_Interplate"); when given, MSR is not required.
HDD_str – Hypocentral depth distribution label (str); must be a key of TAB2.
dip_mu – Mean dip (float, degrees).
dip_sigma – Standard deviation of dip (float, degrees).
t_d – Truncation factor for dip distribution (float, in sigma units).
Zs_sigma – Standard deviation of seismogenic thickness (float, km).
t_z – Truncation factor for Zs distribution (float, in sigma units).

Returns:

Probability in [0, 1] (float or np.ndarray). Scalar if mag is scalar, else shape (n_mw,).

MammarellaEtAl2024PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.mammarella2024.MammarellaEtAl2024PrimarySR(MSR=None, HDD_str=None, dip_mu=None, dip_sigma=None, t_d=None, Zs_sigma=None, t_z=None, style=None, seismothickness=None, Zs_mu=None, width_model=None)[source]#

Bases: Mammarella2024PrimarySR

Alias of Mammarella2024PrimarySR using the full author naming.

Moss2013PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.moss2013.Moss2013PrimarySR(style=None, vs30=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Principal surface-rupture probability model of Moss et al. (2013).

Logistic model of the probability of principal surface rupture as a function of magnitude, faulting style, and site Vs30.

Moss, R. E. S., Stanton, K. V., & Buelna, M. I. (2013). The impact of material stiffness on the likelihood of fault rupture propagating to the ground surface. Seismological Research Letters, 84(3), 485-488. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220110109

MossRoss2011PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.moss_ross2011.MossRoss2011PrimarySR(style=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Principal surface-rupture probability model of Moss and Ross (2011).

Logistic model of the probability of principal surface rupture for reverse-faulting events as a function of magnitude.

Moss, R.E.S., and Ross, Z.E. (2011). Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for reverse faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(4), 1542-1553. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100248

Pizza2023PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.pizza2023.Pizza2023PrimarySR(style=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Principal surface-rupture probability model of Pizza et al. (2023).

Logistic model of the probability of principal surface rupture as a function of magnitude, with coefficients for the all, normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting styles.

Pizza, M., Ferrario, M.F., Thomas, F., Tringali, G., & Livio, F. (2023). Likelihood of primary surface faulting: updating of empirical regressions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 113(5), 2106-2118. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230019

Takao2013PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.takao2013.Takao2013PrimarySR(style=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Principal surface-rupture probability model of Takao et al. (2013).

Logistic model of the probability of principal surface rupture as a function of magnitude (their Equation 4, z = -32.03 + 4.90*Mw), regressed on Japanese reverse- and strike-slip-faulting earthquakes.

Takao, M., Tsuchiyama, J., Annaka, T., & Kurita, T. (2013). Application of probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis in Japan. Journal of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering, 13(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.5610/jaee.13.17

WC1993PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.wells_coppersmith1993.WC1993PrimarySR(style=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Principal surface-rupture probability model of Wells and Coppersmith (1993).

Logistic model of the probability of principal surface rupture as a function of magnitude, applicable to all faulting styles.

Wells, D.L., and Coppersmith, K.J. (1993). Likelihood of surface rupture as a function of magnitude (abstract). Seismological Research Letters, 64(1), 54. Coefficients as reported by Youngs et al. (2003), Earthquake Spectra, 19(1), 191-219, and Petersen et al. (2011), Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(2), 805-825.

Yang2021PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.yang2021.Yang2021PrimarySR[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Model of Yang et al. (2021) for the probability of surface rupture for reverse-faulting earthquakes in the Australian stable continental region (the “SCR Oz” logistic curve of their Fig. 11A, with a = 24.59 and b = -4.00 in P = 1/(1 + exp(a + b*M))).

The regression is stated by the authors to be valid only for 4.0 <= Mw <= 6.6.

Youngs2003PrimarySR#

class openquake.pfd.primary_surf_rup.youngs2003.Youngs2003PrimarySR(style=None)[source]#

Bases: BasePrimarySurfRup

Youngs et al. (2003) surface rupture probability model.

Youngs et al. (2003) is calibrated for normal-faulting earthquakes. The style argument preserves the historical XML interface: "normal" selects the normal-faulting subset, while "all" selects the broader regional datasets. It is not a generic faulting-style selector.

The "all" coefficients (a=-12.51, b=2.053) are the logistic regression on the 276 worldwide earthquakes of Wells and Coppersmith (1993); the "normal" coefficients (a=-16.02, b=2.685) are the regression on the 32 Great Basin earthquakes from the Pezzopane and Dawson (1996) data set. Both coefficient pairs are tabulated in the Appendix of Youngs et al. (2003) (“Coefficients for Equation 4 shown on Figure 4”).

Youngs, R.R., et al. (2003). A methodology for probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA). Earthquake Spectra, 19(1), 191-219. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1542891