Exposure#

The GEM Global Seismic Risk Model is broken up into a mosaic of regions. While the regions aim to follow convention, some differences were required for ease of use with the GEM Global Mosaic of Seismic Hazard Models. Each risk region and the countries/territories covered within that region are shown in the figure below.

Exposure and risk model mosaic

Regional Structure#

The global model is organized into 12 regions aligned with GEM’s global seismic hazard mosaic:

  1. Africa - Continental Africa and adjacent islands

  2. Caribbean and Central America - Island nations and Central American countries

  3. Central Asia - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

  4. East Asia - China, Japan, North and South Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan

  5. Europe - European Union countries, UK, Norway, Switzerland, and Balkan states

  6. Middle East - Western Asian countries

  7. North America - United States, Canada, Mexico

  8. North Asia - Russian Federation and Mongolia

  9. Oceania - Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific Island nations

  10. South America - All South American countries

  11. South Asia - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives

  12. Southeast Asia - ASEAN countries

Countries#

The following countries and territories are covered in the GEM Global Risk Model::

REGION

COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES

Africa

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Caribbean_Central_America

Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands

Central_Asia

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

East_Asia

China, Hong_Kong, Japan, Macao, North_Korea, South_Korea, Taiwan

Europe

Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle_of_Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North_Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United_Kingdom

Middle_East

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen

North_America

Canada, Mexico, United_States_of_America

North_Asia

Mongolia, Russia

Oceania

American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

South_America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

South_Asia

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka

Southeast_Asia

Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam