# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2023 GEM Foundation
#
# OpenQuake is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# OpenQuake is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with OpenQuake. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""
Module exports :class:`DowrickRhoades2005Asc`,:class:`DowrickRhoades2005SInter`
:class:`DowrickRhoades2005SSlab`, and :class:`DowrickRhoades2005Volc`.
"""
import numpy as np
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.base import GMPE, CoeffsTable
from openquake.hazardlib import const
from openquake.hazardlib.imt import MMI
def _compute_mean(C, mag, rrup, hypo_depth, delta_R, delta_S,
delta_V, delta_I, vs30):
"""
Compute MMI Intensity Value as per Equation in Table 5 and
Table 7 pag 198.
"""
# mean is calculated for all the 4 classes using the same equation.
# For DowrickRhoades2005SSlab, the coefficients which don't appear in
# Model 3 equationare assigned to zero
mean = (C['A1'] + (C['A2'] + C['A2R'] * delta_R + C['A2V'] * delta_V) *
mag + (C['A3'] + C['A3S'] * delta_S + C['A3V'] * delta_V) *
np.log10(np.power((rrup**3 + C['d']**3), 1.0 / 3.0)) +
C['A4'] * hypo_depth + C['A5'] * delta_I)
# Add site class amplification term to mean value
return mean + _get_site_class(vs30, mean)
def _get_deltas(trt, rake):
"""
Return the value of deltas (delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I),
as defined in "Table 5: Model 1" pag 198
"""
# delta_R = 1 for reverse focal mechanism (45<rake<135)
# and for interface events, 0 for all other events
# delta_S = 1 for Strike-slip focal mechanisms (0<=rake<=45) or
# (135<=rake<=180) or (-45<=rake<=0), 0 for all other events
# delta_V = 1 for TVZ events, 0 for all other events
# delta_I = 1 for interface events, 0 for all other events
# All deltas = 0 for Model 3: Deep Region, pag 198
delta_R = np.zeros_like(rake)
delta_S = np.zeros_like(rake)
delta_V = np.zeros_like(rake)
delta_I = np.zeros_like(rake)
if trt == const.TRT.ACTIVE_SHALLOW_CRUST:
delta_R[(rake > 45.0) & (rake < 135.0)] = 1.
delta_S[((rake >= 0.0) & (rake <= 45.0) |
(rake >= 135) & (rake <= 180.0) |
(rake >= -180.0) & (rake <= -135.0) |
(rake >= -45.0) & (rake < 0.0))] = 1.
elif trt == const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTERFACE:
delta_R[:] = 1.
delta_I[:] = 1.
elif trt == const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTRASLAB:
pass
elif trt == const.TRT.VOLCANIC:
delta_V[:] = 1.
else:
raise ValueError('_get_deltas undefined for %s' % trt)
return delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I
def _get_site_class(vs30, mmi_mean):
"""
Return site class flag for:
Class E - Very Soft Soil vs30 < 180
Class D - Deep or Soft Soil vs30 >= 180 and vs30 <= 360
Class C - Shallow Soil vs30 > 360 and vs30 <= 760
Class B - Rock vs30 > 760 and vs30 <= 1500
Class A - Strong Rock vs30 >= 180 and vs30 <= 360
The S site class is equal to
S = c1 if MMI <= 7
S = c1 - d *(MMI - 7.0) if 7<MMI<9.5
S = c2 if MMI >= 9.5
"""
if vs30[0] < 180:
c1 = 1.0
c2 = -0.25
d = 0.5
elif vs30[0] >= 180 and vs30[0] <= 360:
c1 = 0.5
c2 = -0.125
d = 0.25
elif vs30[0] > 360 and vs30[0] <= 760:
c1 = 0.
c2 = 0.
d = 0.
elif vs30[0] > 760 and vs30[0] <= 1500:
c1 = -0.5
c2 = 0.125
d = -0.25
elif vs30[0] > 1500:
c1 = -1.0
c2 = 0.25
d = -0.5
S = np.zeros_like(vs30)
for i in range(vs30.size):
if mmi_mean[i] <= 7.0:
S[i] += c1
elif mmi_mean[i] > 7 and mmi_mean[i] < 9.5:
S[i] += c1 - d * (mmi_mean[i] - 7.0)
else:
S[i] += c2
return S
def _get_stddevs(C):
"""
Return total standard deviation as described in paragraph 5.2 pag 200.
"""
# interevent stddev
sigma_inter = C['tau']
# intraevent std
sigma_intra = C['sigma']
# equation in section 5.2 page 200
return [np.sqrt(sigma_intra**2 + sigma_inter**2), sigma_inter, sigma_intra]
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005Asc(GMPE):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Active Shallow Crust for different
faulting types.
"""
#: Supported tectonic region type for base class is 'active shallow crust'
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.ACTIVE_SHALLOW_CRUST
#: Supported intensity measure type is MMI.
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_TYPES = {MMI}
#: Supported intensity measure component is the horizontal component
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_COMPONENT = const.IMC.HORIZONTAL
#: Supported standard deviation types are Inter, Intra and Total
# (see description in paragraph 5.2 page 200 )
DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES = {
const.StdDev.TOTAL, const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT, const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT}
#: The only site parameter is vs30 used to map to site class to distinguish
# between rock, stiff soil and soft soil
REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = {'vs30'}
#: Required rupture parameters are magnitude, and rake and hypocentral
# depth rake is for determining fault style flags. Hypo depth is for
# subduction GMPEs
REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = {'mag', 'rake', 'hypo_depth'}
#: Required distance measure is rrup (paragraphy x, page xx) which is
#: defined as nearest distance to the source.
REQUIRES_DISTANCES = {'rrup'}
[docs] def compute(self, ctx: np.recarray, imts, mean, sig, tau, phi):
"""
See :meth:`superclass method
<.base.GroundShakingIntensityModel.compute>`
for spec of input and result values.
"""
trt = self.DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE
for m, imt in enumerate(imts):
C = self.COEFFS[imt]
# Deltas for Tectonic Region Type and rake angles
delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I = _get_deltas(trt, ctx.rake)
mean[m] = _compute_mean(C, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup, ctx.hypo_depth,
delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I,
ctx.vs30)
sig[m], tau[m], phi[m] = _get_stddevs(C)
#: Coefficient table (table 5, page 198)
COEFFS = CoeffsTable(table="""\
IMT A1 A2 A2R A2V A3 A3S A3V A4 A5 d tau sigma
MMI 4.74 1.23 0.042 0.292 -3.613 0.100 -1.76 0.007 -0.42 10.28 0.21 0.38
""")
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005SInter(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Subduction Interface events
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTERFACE
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005SSlab(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Subduction Slab events
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTRASLAB
#: Coefficient table (table 7, page 198)
COEFFS = CoeffsTable(table="""\
IMT A1 A2 A2R A2V A3 A3S A3V A4 A5 d tau sigma
MMI 3.76 1.48 0.0 0.0 -3.50 0.0 0.0 0.0031 0.0 0.0 0.27 0.42
""")
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005Volc(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for events with a volcanic source
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.VOLCANIC