# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2020 GEM Foundation
#
# OpenQuake is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
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"""
Module exports :class:`DowrickRhoades2005Asc`,:class:`DowrickRhoades2005SInter`
:class:`DowrickRhoades2005SSlab`, and :class:`DowrickRhoades2005Volc`.
"""
import numpy as np
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.base import GMPE, CoeffsTable
from openquake.hazardlib import const
from openquake.hazardlib.imt import MMI
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005Asc(GMPE):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Active Shallow Crust for different
faulting types.
"""
#: Supported tectonic region type for base class is 'active shallow crust'
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.ACTIVE_SHALLOW_CRUST
#: Supported intensity measure type is MMI.
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_TYPES = set([MMI])
#: Supported intensity measure component is the horizontal component
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_COMPONENT = const.IMC.HORIZONTAL
#: Supported standard deviation types are Inter, Intra and Total
# (see description in paragraph 5.2 page 200 )
DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES = set([
const.StdDev.TOTAL,
const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT,
const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT
])
#: The only site parameter is vs30 used to map to site class to distinguish
# between rock, stiff soil and soft soil
REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = {'vs30'}
#: Required rupture parameters are magnitude, and rake and hypocentral
# depth rake is for determining fault style flags. Hypo depth is for
# subduction GMPEs
REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = {'mag', 'rake', 'hypo_depth'}
#: Required distance measure is rrup (paragraphy x, page xx) which is
# defined as nearest distance to the source.
REQUIRES_DISTANCES = {'rrup'}
[docs] def get_mean_and_stddevs(self, sites, rup, dists, imt, stddev_types):
"""
See :meth:`superclass method
<.base.GroundShakingIntensityModel.get_mean_and_stddevs>`
for spec of input and result values.
"""
assert all(stddev_type in self.DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES
for stddev_type in stddev_types)
# extract dictionaries of coefficients specific to required
# intensity measure type
C = self.COEFFS[imt]
# Deltas for Tectonic Region Type and rake angles
delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I = self._get_deltas(rup.rake)
mean = self._compute_mean(C, rup.mag, dists.rrup, rup.hypo_depth,
delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I,
sites.vs30)
stddevs = self._get_stddevs(C, stddev_types, sites.vs30.size)
return mean, stddevs
def _compute_mean(self, C, mag, rrup, hypo_depth, delta_R, delta_S,
delta_V, delta_I, vs30):
"""
Compute MMI Intensity Value as per Equation in Table 5 and
Table 7 pag 198.
"""
# mean is calculated for all the 4 classes using the same equation.
# For DowrickRhoades2005SSlab, the coefficients which don't appear in
# Model 3 equationare assigned to zero
mean = (C['A1'] + (C['A2'] + C['A2R'] * delta_R + C['A2V'] * delta_V) *
mag + (C['A3'] + C['A3S'] * delta_S + C['A3V'] * delta_V) *
np.log10(np.power((rrup**3 + C['d']**3), 1.0 / 3.0)) +
C['A4'] * hypo_depth + C['A5'] * delta_I)
# Get S site class term
S = self._get_site_class(vs30, mean)
# Add S amplification term to mean value
mean = mean + S
return mean
def _get_stddevs(self, C, stddev_types, num_sites):
"""
Return total standard deviation as described in paragraph 5.2 pag 200.
"""
# interevent stddev
sigma_inter = C['tau'] + np.zeros(num_sites)
# intraevent std
sigma_intra = C['sigma'] + np.zeros(num_sites)
std = []
for stddev_type in stddev_types:
if stddev_type == const.StdDev.TOTAL:
# equation in section 5.2 page 200
std += [np.sqrt(sigma_intra**2 + sigma_inter**2)]
elif stddev_type == const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT:
std.append(sigma_intra)
elif stddev_type == const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT:
std.append(sigma_inter)
return std
def _get_site_class(self, vs30, mmi_mean):
"""
Return site class flag for:
Class E - Very Soft Soil vs30 < 180
Class D - Deep or Soft Soil vs30 >= 180 and vs30 <= 360
Class C - Shallow Soil vs30 > 360 and vs30 <= 760
Class B - Rock vs30 > 760 and vs30 <= 1500
Class A - Strong Rock vs30 >= 180 and vs30 <= 360
The S site class is equal to
S = c1 if MMI <= 7
S = c1 - d *(MMI - 7.0) if 7<MMI<9.5
S = c2 if MMI >= 9.5
"""
if vs30[0] < 180:
c1 = 1.0
c2 = -0.25
d = 0.5
elif vs30[0] >= 180 and vs30[0] <= 360:
c1 = 0.5
c2 = -0.125
d = 0.25
elif vs30[0] > 360 and vs30[0] <= 760:
c1 = 0.
c2 = 0.
d = 0.
elif vs30[0] > 760 and vs30[0] <= 1500:
c1 = -0.5
c2 = 0.125
d = -0.25
elif vs30[0] > 1500:
c1 = -1.0
c2 = 0.25
d = -0.5
S = np.zeros_like(vs30)
for i in range(vs30.size):
if mmi_mean[i] <= 7.0:
S[i] += c1
elif mmi_mean[i] > 7 and mmi_mean[i] < 9.5:
S[i] += c1 - d * (mmi_mean[i] - 7.0)
else:
S[i] += c2
return S
def _get_deltas(self, rake):
"""
Return the value of deltas (delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I),
as defined in "Table 5: Model 1" pag 198
"""
# delta_R = 1 for reverse focal mechanism (45<rake<135)
# and for interface events, 0 for all other events
# delta_S = 1 for Strike-slip focal mechanisms (0<=rake<=45) or
# (135<=rake<=180) or (-45<=rake<=0), 0 for all other events
# delta_V = 1 for TVZ events, 0 for all other events
# delta_I = 1 for interface events, 0 for all other events
# All deltas = 0 for Model 3: Deep Region, pag 198
delta_R, delta_S = 0, 0
delta_V, delta_I = 0, 0
if rake > 45.0 and rake < 135.0:
delta_R = 1
if (rake >= 0.0 and rake <= 45.0) or \
(rake >= 135 and rake <= 180.0) or \
(rake >= -180.0 and rake <= -135.0) or \
(rake >= -45.0 and rake < 0.0):
delta_S = 1
return delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I
#: Coefficient table (table 5, page 198)
COEFFS = CoeffsTable(table="""\
IMT A1 A2 A2R A2V A3 A3S A3V A4 A5 d tau sigma
MMI 4.74 1.23 0.042 0.292 -3.613 0.100 -1.76 0.007 -0.42 10.28 0.21 0.38
""")
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005SInter(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Subduction Interface events
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTERFACE
def _get_deltas(self, rake):
"""
Return the value of deltas (delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I),
as defined in "Table 5: Model 1" pag 198
"""
# delta_I = 1, delta_R = 1 for interface events
# delta_S = 0, delta_V = 0
delta_R, delta_S = 1, 0
delta_V, delta_I = 0, 1
return delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005SSlab(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for Subduction Slab events
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTRASLAB
def _get_deltas(self, rake):
"""
Return the value of deltas (delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I),
as defined in "Table 5: Model 1" pag 198
"""
# All deltas = 0 for DowrickRhoades2005SSlab Model 3: Deep Region,
# pag 198
delta_R, delta_S = 0, 0
delta_V, delta_I = 0, 0
return delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I
#: Coefficient table (table 7, page 198)
COEFFS = CoeffsTable(table="""\
IMT A1 A2 A2R A2V A3 A3S A3V A4 A5 d tau sigma
MMI 3.76 1.48 0.0 0.0 -3.50 0.0 0.0 0.0031 0.0 0.0 0.27 0.42
""")
[docs]class DowrickRhoades2005Volc(DowrickRhoades2005Asc):
"""
Implements IPE developed by D.J. Dowrick and D.A. Rhoades published as
"Revised models for attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity in
New Zealand earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.38,
no. 4, p. 185-214, December 2005.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/38(4)0185.pdf
Last accessed 20 November 2015.
This class implements the IPE for events with a volcanic source
"""
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.VOLCANIC
def _get_deltas(self, rake):
"""
Return the value of deltas (delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I),
as defined in "Table 5: Model 1" pag 198
"""
# delta_V = 1 for TVZ events, 0 for all other events
# delta_R =0, delta_S = 0, delta_I = 0
delta_R, delta_S = 0, 0
delta_V, delta_I = 1, 0
return delta_R, delta_S, delta_V, delta_I