# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2025 GEM Foundation
#
# OpenQuake is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# OpenQuake is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
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# along with OpenQuake. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""
Module :mod:`openquake.hazardlib.geo.surface.gridded` defines
:class:`GriddedSurface`.
"""
import numpy as np
from numpy import linalg as la
from openquake.baselib.node import Node
from openquake.hazardlib.geo import utils
from openquake.hazardlib.geo.mesh import Mesh
from openquake.hazardlib.geo.point import Point
from openquake.hazardlib.geo import utils as geo_utils
from openquake.hazardlib.geo.surface.base import BaseSurface, _get_finite_mesh
[docs]class GriddedSurface(BaseSurface):
"""
Gridded surface defined by an unstructured cloud of points. This surface
type is required for a proper implementation of some subduction interface
surfaces included int the Japan 2012 model.
Note that currently we support only one rupture-site typology i.e. since
this the only one that can be unambiguosly computed.
:param mesh:
An unstructured mesh of points ideally representing a rupture surface.
Must be an instance of :class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.mesh.Mesh`
"""
def __init__(self, mesh=None):
self.mesh = mesh
self.idx = None
self.strike = None
self.dip = None
@property
def surface_nodes(self):
"""
:param points: a list of Point objects
:returns: a Node of kind 'griddedSurface'
"""
line = []
for point in self.mesh:
line.append(point.longitude)
line.append(point.latitude)
line.append(point.depth)
return [Node('griddedSurface', nodes=[Node('gml:posList', {}, line)])]
[docs] @classmethod
def from_points_list(cls, points):
"""
Create a gridded surface from a list of points.
:parameter points:
A list of :class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.Point`
:returns:
An instance of
:class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.surface.gridded.GriddedSurface`
"""
return cls(Mesh.from_points_list(points))
[docs] def get_bounding_box(self):
"""
Compute surface geographical bounding box.
:return:
A tuple of four items. These items represent western, eastern,
northern and southern borders of the bounding box respectively.
Values are floats in decimal degrees.
"""
return utils.get_spherical_bounding_box(
self.mesh.lons.flatten(), self.mesh.lats.flatten())
[docs] def get_surface_boundaries(self):
"""
:returns: (lons, lats) for the 5 points of the bounding box
"""
# FIXME: implement real boundaries, not bounding box
xs, ys = zip(*utils.bbox2poly(self.get_bounding_box()))
return xs, ys
[docs] def get_surface_boundaries_3d(self):
"""
:returns: (lons, lats, depths) for the 5 points of the bounding box
"""
# FIXME: implement real boundaries, not bounding box
xs, ys = zip(*utils.bbox2poly(self.get_bounding_box()))
return xs, ys, (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
[docs] def get_joyner_boore_distance(self, mesh):
"""
Compute and return Joyner-Boore (also known as ``Rjb``) distance
to each point of ``mesh``.
:param mesh:
:class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.mesh.Mesh` of points to calculate
Joyner-Boore distance to.
:returns:
Numpy array of closest distances between the projections of surface
and each point of the ``mesh`` to the earth surface.
"""
fmesh = _get_finite_mesh(self.mesh)
return fmesh.get_joyner_boore_distance(mesh, unstructured=True)
[docs] def get_rx_distance(self, mesh):
"""
Compute distance between each point of mesh and surface's great circle
arc.
Distance is measured perpendicular to the rupture strike, from
the surface projection of the updip edge of the rupture, with
the down dip direction being positive (this distance is usually
called ``Rx``).
In other words, is the horizontal distance to top edge of rupture
measured perpendicular to the strike. Values on the hanging wall
are positive, values on the footwall are negative.
:param mesh:
:class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.mesh.Mesh` of points to calculate
Rx-distance to.
:returns:
Numpy array of distances in km.
"""
raise NotImplementedError('GriddedSurface')
[docs] def get_top_edge_depth(self):
"""
Compute minimum depth of surface's top edge.
:returns:
Float value, the vertical distance between the earth surface
and the shallowest point in surface's top edge in km.
"""
return self.mesh.depths.min()
[docs] def get_strike(self):
"""
Compute surface's strike as decimal degrees in a range ``[0, 360)``.
The actual definition of the strike might depend on surface geometry.
:returns:
The strike angle in degrees
"""
if self.strike is not None:
return self.strike
# Create a projection centered in the center of the cloud of points
proj = geo_utils.OrthographicProjection.from_(
self.mesh.lons.flatten(), self.mesh.lats.flatten())
# Project the coordinates
lons, lats = self.mesh.lons.flatten(), self.mesh.lats.flatten()
coo = np.zeros((len(lons), 3))
tmp = np.transpose(proj(lons, lats))
coo[:, 0] = tmp[:, 0]
coo[:, 1] = tmp[:, 1]
coo[:, 2] = self.mesh.depths.flatten()
coo[:, 2] *= -1
_pnt0, vers = geo_utils.plane_fit(coo)
# Find the angle between the surface projection of the unit vector and
# the north direction
north = np.array([0, 1, 0])
tmp = np.array([vers[0], vers[1], 0])
v1_u = north / la.norm(north)
v2_u = tmp / la.norm(tmp)
phi = np.rad2deg(np.arccos(np.clip(np.dot(v1_u, v2_u), -1.0, 1.0)))
# Find the angle between the surface projection of the unit vector and
# the unit vector
tmp = np.array([vers[0], vers[1], 0])
v1_u = vers
v2_u = tmp / la.norm(tmp)
delta = np.rad2deg(np.arccos(np.clip(np.dot(v1_u, v2_u), -1.0, 1.0)))
# Set strike and dip
if vers[0] < 0:
self.strike = (360 - phi - 90) % 360
else:
self.strike = (phi - 90) % 360
self.dip = 90 - delta
return self.strike
[docs] def get_dip(self):
"""
Compute surface's dip as decimal degrees in a range ``(0, 90]``.
The actual definition of the dip might depend on surface geometry.
:returns:
The dip angle in degrees
"""
if self.dip is None:
_ = self.get_strike()
return self.dip
[docs] def get_width(self):
"""
Compute surface's width (that is surface extension along the
dip direction) in km.
The actual definition depends on the type of surface geometry.
:returns:
Float value, the surface width
"""
raise NotImplementedError('GriddedSurface')
[docs] def get_area(self):
"""
Compute surface's area in squared km.
:returns:
Float value, the surface area
"""
raise NotImplementedError('GriddedSurface')
[docs] def get_middle_point(self):
"""
Compute coordinates of surface middle point.
The actual definition of ``middle point`` depends on the type of
surface geometry.
:return:
instance of :class:`openquake.hazardlib.geo.point.Point`
representing surface middle point.
"""
lons = self.mesh.lons.squeeze()
lats = self.mesh.lats.squeeze()
depths = self.mesh.depths.squeeze()
lon_bar = lons.mean()
lat_bar = lats.mean()
idx = np.argmin((lons - lon_bar)**2 + (lats - lat_bar)**2)
return Point(lons[idx], lats[idx], depths[idx])
[docs] def get_ry0_distance(self, mesh):
"""
:param mesh:
:class:`~openquake.hazardlib.geo.mesh.Mesh` of points
"""
raise NotImplementedError('GriddedSurface')
