.. _rupture-model: Rupture Model ============= As the scenario calculator does not need to determine the probability of occurrence of the specific rupture, but only sufficient information to parameterise the location (as a three-dimensional surface), the magnitude and the style-of- faulting of the rupture, a more simplified NRML structure is sufficient compared to the source model structures described previously in Source typologies. A rupture model XML can be defined in the following formats: #. Simple fault rupture #. Planar and Multi-Planar fault rupture #. Complex fault rupture #. Gridded Rupture Simple Fault Rupture -------------------- In a *Simple Fault Rupture* model, the geometry is defined by the trace of the fault rupture, the dip and the upper and lower seismogenic depths. An example is shown in the listing below: .. code-block:: xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5"> <simpleFaultRupture> <magnitude>6.7</magnitude> <rake>180.0</rake> <hypocenter lon="-122.02750" lat="37.61744" depth="6.7"/> <simpleFaultGeometry> <gml:LineString> <gml:posList> -121.80236 37.39713 -121.91453 37.48312 -122.00413 37.59493 -122.05088 37.63995 -122.09226 37.68095 -122.17796 37.78233 </gml:posList> </gml:LineString> <dip>76.0</dip> <upperSeismoDepth>0.0</upperSeismoDepth> <lowerSeismoDepth>13.4</lowerSeismoDepth> </simpleFaultGeometry> </simpleFaultRupture> </nrml> Planar and Multi-Planar Rupture ------------------------------- In a *Planar or Multi-Planar Rupture* model, the geometry is defined as a collection of one or more rectangular planes, each defined by four corners. An example of a multi-planar rupture is shown below in the listing below: .. code-block:: xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5"> <multiPlanesRupture> <magnitude>8.0</magnitude> <rake>90.0</rake> <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/> <planarSurface strike="90.0" dip="45.0"> <topLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" /> <topRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" /> <bottomLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" /> <bottomRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" /> </planarSurface> <planarSurface strike="30.94744" dip="30.0"> <topLeft lon="-0.42" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" /> <topRight lon="-0.29967" lat="-2.09945" depth="0.0" /> <bottomLeft lon="-0.28629" lat="-2.38009" depth="10.0" /> <bottomRight lon="-0.16598" lat="-2.17955" depth="10.0" /> </planarSurface> </multiPlanesRupture> </nrml> Complex Fault Rupture --------------------- In a *Complex Fault Rupture* model, the geometry is defined by the upper, lower and (if applicable) intermediate edges of the fault rupture. An example of a complex fault rupture is shown below in the listing below: .. code-block:: xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <complexFaultRupture> <magnitude>8.0</magnitude> <rake>90.0</rake> <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/> <complexFaultGeometry> <faultTopEdge> <gml:LineString> <gml:posList> 0.6 -1.5 2.0 1.0 -1.3 5.0 1.5 -1.0 8.0 </gml:posList> </gml:LineString> </faultTopEdge> <intermediateEdge> <gml:LineString> <gml:posList> 0.65 -1.55 4.0 1.1 -1.4 10.0 1.5 -1.2 20.0 </gml:posList> </gml:LineString> </intermediateEdge> <faultBottomEdge> <gml:LineString> <gml:posList> 0.65 -1.7 8.0 1.1 -1.6 15.0 1.5 -1.7 35.0 </gml:posList> </gml:LineString> </faultBottomEdge> </complexFaultGeometry> </complexFaultRupture> </nrml> Gridded Rupture --------------- In a *Gridded Rupture* the geometry is defined in terms of a GriddedSurface which is a mesh of points. An example of gridded rupture is shown below in the listing below:: .. code-block:: xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5"> <griddedRupture probs_occur="0.984 0.016"> <magnitude>8.2</magnitude> <rake>90.0</rake> <hypocenter depth="19.2" lat="35.301" lon="140.859"/> <griddedSurface> <gml:posList> 141.659 35.121 9.8 141.659 35.099 9.6 141.659 35.076 9.4 ... </gml:posList> </griddedSurface> </griddedRupture> </nrml>