# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2023 GEM Foundation
#
# OpenQuake is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# OpenQuake is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with OpenQuake. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""
Module exports :class:`McVerry2006Asc`, :class:`McVerry2006SInter`,
:class:`McVerry2006SSlab`, :class:`McVerry2006Volc`,
:class:`McVerry2006AscSC`, :class:`McVerry2006SInterSC`,
:class:`McVerry2006SSlabSC`, :class:`McVerry2006VolcSC`.
"""
import numpy as np
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.base import GMPE, CoeffsTable
from openquake.hazardlib import const
from openquake.hazardlib.imt import PGA, SA
from openquake.baselib.general import CallableDict
def _compute_f4(C, mag, rrup):
"""
Abrahamson and Silva 1997 f4 term for hanging wall effects.
This is in McVerry equation 1 but is not used (Section 6.1 page 27)
Compute f4 term (eq. 7, 8, and 9, page 106)
"""
fhw_m = mag - 5.5
fhw_r = np.zeros_like(rrup)
fhw_m[mag <= 5.5] = 0
fhw_m[mag >= 6.5] = 1
idx = (rrup > 4) & (rrup <= 8)
fhw_r[idx] = C['ca9'] * (rrup[idx] - 4.) / 4.
idx = (rrup > 8) & (rrup <= 18)
fhw_r[idx] = C['ca9']
idx = (rrup > 18) & (rrup <= 24)
fhw_r[idx] = C['ca9'] * (1 - (rrup[idx] - 18.) / 7.)
# f4 = fhw_m * fhw_r
# Not used in current implementation of McVerry 2006, but keep here
# for future use (return f4)
return np.zeros_like(mag)
def _compute_mean(kind, C, S, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW,
delta_C, delta_D):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A,B,C,D (equation 4)
returns lnSA_ABCD
"""
# Stage 1: compute PGA_ABCD and PGA'_ABCD which are then used in
# equation 6
# Equation 1 PGA unprimed version
lnSA_AB = _compute_mean_on_rock(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth,
CN, CR, f4HW)
# Equation 4 PGA unprimed version
lnSA_ABCD = lnSA_AB + S * _compute_nonlinear_soil_term(
C, lnSA_AB, delta_C, delta_D)
return lnSA_ABCD
_compute_mean_on_rock = CallableDict()
@_compute_mean_on_rock.add("asc", "asc_sc", "vol", "vol_sc", "chch", "drop")
def _compute_mean_on_rock_1(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR,
f4HW):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A/B (equation 1 on page 22)
"""
lnSA_AB = (
# line 1 of equation 1
C['c1'] + C['c4as'] * (mag - 6) +
# line 2
C['c3as'] * (8.5 - mag) ** 2 +
# line 3
C['c5'] * rrup +
# line 3 and 4
(C['c8'] + C['c6as'] * (mag - 6)) *
np.log((rrup ** 2 + C['c10as'] ** 2) ** 0.5) +
# line 5
C['c46'] * rvol +
# line 6
C['c32'] * CN + C['c33as'] * CR + f4HW)
return lnSA_AB
@_compute_mean_on_rock.add("sinter")
def _compute_mean_on_rock_2(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR,
f4HW):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A/B (equation 2 on page 22)
"""
# Define subduction flag (page 23)
# SI=1 for subduction interface, 0 otherwise
# DS=0 for subduction intraslab, 0 otherwise
SI = 1
DS = 0
lnSA_AB = (
# line 1 and 2 of equation 2
C['c11'] + (C['c12y'] + (C['c15'] - C['c17']) * C['c19y']) *
(mag - 6) +
# line 3
C['c13y'] * (10 - mag) ** 3 +
# line 4
C['c17'] * np.log(rrup + C['c18y'] * np.exp(C['c19y'] * mag)) +
# line 5
C['c20'] * hypo_depth + C['c24'] * SI +
# line 6
C['c46'] * rvol * (1 - DS))
return lnSA_AB
@_compute_mean_on_rock.add("slab")
def _compute_mean_on_rock_3(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR,
f4HW):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A/B (equation 2 on page 22)
"""
# Define subduction flag (page 23)
# SI=1 for subduction interface, 0 otherwise
# DS=1 for subduction intraslab, 0 otherwise
SI = 0
DS = 1
lnSA_AB = (
# line 1 and 2 of equation 2
C['c11'] + (C['c12y'] + (C['c15'] - C['c17']) * C['c19y']) *
(mag - 6) +
# line 3
C['c13y'] * (10 - mag) ** 3 +
# line 4
C['c17'] * np.log(rrup + C['c18y'] * np.exp(C['c19y'] * mag)) +
# line 5
C['c20'] * hypo_depth + C['c24'] * SI +
# line 6
C['c46'] * rvol * (1 - DS)
)
return lnSA_AB
@_compute_mean_on_rock.add("sinter_sc")
def _compute_mean_on_rock_4(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR,
f4HW):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A/B (equation 2 on page 22)
"""
# Define subduction flag (page 23)
# SI=1 for subduction interface, 0 otherwise
# DS=0 for subduction intraslab, 0 otherwise
SI = 1
DS = 0
lnSA_AB = (
# line 1 and 2 of equation 2
C['c11'] + (C['c12y'] + (C['c15'] - C['c17']) * C['c19y']) *
(mag - 6) +
# line 3
C['c13y'] * (10 - mag) ** 3 +
# line 4
C['c17'] * np.log(rrup + C['c18y'] * np.exp(C['c19y'] * mag)) +
# line 5
C['c20'] * hypo_depth + C['c24'] * SI +
# line 6
C['c46'] * rvol * (1 - DS))
return lnSA_AB
@_compute_mean_on_rock.add("slab_sc")
def _compute_mean_on_rock_5(kind, C, mag, rrup, rvol, hypo_depth, CN, CR,
f4HW):
"""
Compute mean value on site class A/B (equation 2 on page 22)
"""
# Define subduction flag (page 23)
# SI=1 for subduction interface, 0 otherwise
# DS=1 for subduction intraslab, 0 otherwise
SI = 0
DS = 1
lnSA_AB = (
# line 1 and 2 of equation 2
C['c11'] + (C['c12y'] + (C['c15'] - C['c17']) * C['c19y']) *
(mag - 6) +
# line 3
C['c13y'] * (10 - mag) ** 3 +
# line 4
C['c17'] * np.log(rrup + C['c18y'] * np.exp(C['c19y'] * mag)) +
# line 5
C['c20'] * hypo_depth + C['c24'] * SI +
# line 6
C['c46'] * rvol * (1 - DS))
return lnSA_AB
def _compute_nonlinear_soil_term(C, lnSA_AB, delta_C, delta_D):
"""
Compute mean value on site class C/D (equation 4 on page 22 without
the first term)
"""
lnSA_CD = (
# line 1 equation 4 without first term (lnSA_AB)
C['c29'] * delta_C +
# line 2 and 3
(C['c30as'] * np.log(np.exp(lnSA_AB) + 0.03) + C['c43']) * delta_D)
return lnSA_CD
def _compute_stress_drop_adjustment(in_cshm, SC, mag):
"""
Compute equation (6) p. 2200 from Atkinson and Boore (2006). However,
the ratio of scale factors is in log space rather than linear space,
to reflect that log PSA scales linearly with log stress drop. Then
convert from log10 to natural log (G McVerry, personal communication).
"""
adj = np.zeros_like(mag)
scale_fac = 1.5
fac = np.maximum(mag[in_cshm] - SC['M1'], 0) / (SC['Mh'] - SC['M1'])
adj[in_cshm] = np.log(10 ** (np.log(scale_fac) / np.log(2) *
np.minimum(0.05 + SC['delta'],
0.05 + SC['delta'] * fac)))
return adj
_get_deltas = CallableDict()
@_get_deltas.add("asc", "sinter", "slab", "vol")
def _get_deltas_1(kind, ctx):
"""
Return delta's for equation 4
delta_C = 1 for site class C (360<=Vs30<760), 0 otherwise
delta_D = 1 for site class D (Vs30<=360), 0 otherwise
"""
vs30 = ctx.vs30
delta_C = np.zeros(len(vs30))
delta_C[(vs30 >= 360) & (vs30 < 760)] = 1
delta_D = np.zeros(len(vs30))
delta_D[vs30 < 360] = 1
return delta_C, delta_D
@_get_deltas.add("asc_sc", "sinter_sc", "slab_sc", "vol_sc", "chch", "drop")
def _get_deltas_2(kind, ctx):
"""
Return delta's for equation 4
delta_C = 1 for site class C, 0 otherwise
delta_D = 1 for site class D, 0 otherwise
"""
siteclass = ctx.siteclass
delta_C = np.zeros_like(siteclass, dtype=float)
delta_C[siteclass == b'C'] = 1
delta_D = np.zeros_like(siteclass, dtype=float)
delta_D[siteclass == b'D'] = 1
return delta_C, delta_D
def _get_fault_mechanism_flags(rake):
"""
Return the fault mechanism flag CN and CR, page 23
CN = -1 for normal (-146<rake<-33), 0 otherwise
CR = 0.5 for reverse-oblique (33<rake<66), 1 for reverse (67<rake<123)
and 0 otherwise
"""
CN, CR = np.zeros_like(rake), np.zeros_like(rake)
# Pure Normal: rake = -90
CN[(rake > -147) & (rake < -33)] = -1
# Pure Reverse: rake = 90
CR[(rake > 67) & (rake < 123)] = 1
# Pure Oblique Reverse: rake = 45
CR[(rake > 33) & (rake < 66)] = 0.5
return CN, CR
_get_site_class = CallableDict()
@_get_site_class.add("asc", "sinter", "slab", "vol")
def _get_site_class_1(kind, ctx):
"""
Return site class flag (0 if vs30 > 760, that is rock, or 1 if vs30 <=
760, that is deep soil)
"""
vs30 = ctx.vs30
S = np.zeros_like(vs30)
S[vs30 <= 760] = 1
return S
@_get_site_class.add(
"asc_sc", "sinter_sc", "slab_sc", "vol_sc", "chch", "drop")
def _get_site_class_2(kind, ctx):
"""
Return site class flag (0 if class A or B, that is rock, or 1 if
class C or D).
"""
siteclass = ctx.siteclass
S = np.zeros_like(siteclass, dtype=float)
S[(siteclass == b'C') | (siteclass == b'D')] = 1
return S
def _get_stddevs(kind, C, ctx, additional_sigma=0.):
"""
Return standard deviation as defined on page 29 in
equation 8a,b,c and 9.
"""
mag = ctx.mag
num_sites = ctx.sids.size
sigma_intra = np.zeros(num_sites)
# interevent stddev
tau = sigma_intra + C['tau']
# intraevent std (equations 8a-8c page 29)
delta = C['sigmaM6'] + C['sigSlope'] * (mag - 6)
delta[mag < 5.0] = C['sigmaM6'] - C['sigSlope']
delta[mag >= 7.] = C['sigmaM6'] + C['sigSlope']
sigma_intra += delta
return [np.sqrt(sigma_intra**2 + tau**2), tau, sigma_intra]
[docs]class McVerry2006Asc(GMPE):
"""
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
This class implements the GMPE for Active Shallow Crust
earthquakes (Asc suffix).
The GMPE distinguishes between rock, stiff soil and soft soil
which respectively equate to the New Zealand site class combined A/B
C, and D. No model is provided for New Zealand site class E
The rake angle is also taken into account to
distinguish between faulting mechanisms. A hanging-wall term is noted in
the functional form of the model in the paper but is not used at present.
Furthermore, a Rvolc (volcanic path distance) is noted in the functional
form but this is not implemented in the McVerry2006Asc model, it is
implemented in a seperate GMPE McVerry2006Volc where Rvol=Rrup as this
is how it is implemented in Stirling et al. 2012.
This is a legacy class based on the original implementation of McVerry
et al. (2006), where the site terms are incorrectly implemented as
functions of Vs30. The New Zealand site classification boundaries do not
depend on Vs30 and so this class will yield erroneous results for some
site locations. Instead, calling `McVerry2006AscSC` and specifying site
class values in the .ini file will give the correct results.
"""
kind = "asc"
#: Supported tectonic region type for base class is 'active shallow crust'
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.ACTIVE_SHALLOW_CRUST
#: Supported intensity measure types are PGA and SA. PGA is assumed to
#: have same coefficients as SA(0.00)
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_TYPES = {PGA, SA}
#: Supported intensity measure component is the stronger of two
#: horizontal components (see Section 6 paragraph 2, page 21)
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_COMPONENT = \
const.IMC.GREATER_OF_TWO_HORIZONTAL
#: Supported standard deviation types are Inter, Intra and Total
# (see equations 8-9 page 29)
DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES = {
const.StdDev.TOTAL, const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT, const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT}
#: The legacy implementation of the McVerry model takes vs30 and maps
#: to New Zealand's categorical site classification scheme
REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = {'vs30'}
#: Required rupture parameters are magnitude, and rake and hypocentral
#: depth rake is for determining fault style flags. Hypo depth is for
#: subduction GMPEs
REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = {'mag', 'rake', 'hypo_depth'}
#: Required distance measure is RRup (paragraphy 3, page 26) which is
#: defined as nearest distance to the source.
REQUIRES_DISTANCES = {'rrup'}
[docs] def compute(self, ctx: np.recarray, imts, mean, sig, tau, phi):
"""
See :meth:`superclass method
<.base.GroundShakingIntensityModel.compute>`
for spec of input and result values.
"""
# Compute SA with primed coeffs and PGA with both unprimed and
# primed coeffs
C_PGA = self.COEFFS_PRIMED[PGA()]
C_PGA_unprimed = self.COEFFS_UNPRIMED[PGA()]
for m, imt in enumerate(imts):
C = self.COEFFS_PRIMED[imt]
# Get S term to determine if consider site term is applied
S = _get_site_class(self.kind, ctx)
# Abrahamson and Silva (1997) hanging wall term. This is not used
# in the latest version of GMPE but is defined in functional form
# in the paper so we keep it here as a placeholder
f4HW = _compute_f4(C, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup)
# Flags for rake angles
CN, CR = _get_fault_mechanism_flags(ctx.rake)
# Get volcanic path distance
rvol = ctx.rrup if self.kind.startswith("vol") else 0.
# Get delta_C and delta_D terms for site class
delta_C, delta_D = _get_deltas(self.kind, ctx)
# Compute lnPGA_ABCD primed
lnPGAp_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C_PGA, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup, rvol,
ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Compute lnPGA_ABCD unprimed
lnPGA_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C_PGA_unprimed, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup,
rvol, ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Compute lnSA_ABCD
lnSAp_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup, rvol,
ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Stage 3: Equation 6 SA_ABCD(T). This is lnSA_ABCD
# need to calculate final lnSA_ABCD from non-log values but
# return log
mean[m] = np.log(np.exp(lnSAp_ABCD) *
(np.exp(lnPGA_ABCD) / np.exp(lnPGAp_ABCD)))
# Compute standard deviations
C_STD = self.COEFFS_STD[imt]
sig[m], tau[m], phi[m] = _get_stddevs(self.kind, C_STD, ctx)
#: Coefficient table (table 3, page 108)
COEFFS_PRIMED = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\
imt c1 c3as c4as c5 c6as c8 ca9 c10as c11 c12y c13y c15 c17 c18y c19y c20 c24 c29 c30as c32 c33as c43 c46
pga 0.18130 0.00000 -0.14400 -0.00846 0.17000 -0.75519 0.37000 5.60000 8.10697 1.41400 0.00000 -2.55200 -2.48795 1.78180 0.55400 0.01622 -0.41369 0.44307 -0.23000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.29648 -0.03301
0.075 1.36561 0.03000 -0.14400 -0.00889 0.17000 -0.94568 0.37000 5.58000 8.68782 1.41400 0.00000 -2.70700 -2.54215 1.78180 0.55400 0.01850 -0.48652 0.31139 -0.28000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.48366 -0.03452
0.10 1.77717 0.02800 -0.14400 -0.00837 0.17000 -1.01852 0.37000 5.50000 9.37929 1.41400 -0.00110 -2.65500 -2.60945 1.78180 0.55400 0.01740 -0.61973 0.34059 -0.28000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.43854 -0.03595
0.20 1.39535 -0.01380 -0.14400 -0.00940 0.17000 -0.78199 0.37000 5.10000 10.6148 1.41400 -0.00270 -2.52800 -2.70851 1.78180 0.55400 0.01542 -0.67672 0.37235 -0.24500 0.20000 0.26000 -0.29906 -0.03853
0.30 0.44591 -0.03600 -0.14400 -0.00987 0.17000 -0.56098 0.37000 4.80000 9.40776 1.41400 -0.00360 -2.45400 -2.47668 1.78180 0.55400 0.01278 -0.59339 0.56648 -0.19500 0.20000 0.19800 -0.05184 -0.03604
0.40 0.01645 -0.05180 -0.14400 -0.00923 0.17000 -0.51281 0.37000 4.52000 8.50343 1.41400 -0.00430 -2.40100 -2.36895 1.78180 0.55400 0.01426 -0.30579 0.69911 -0.16000 0.20000 0.15400 0.20301 -0.03364
0.50 0.14826 -0.06350 -0.14400 -0.00823 0.17000 -0.56716 0.37000 4.30000 8.46463 1.41400 -0.00480 -2.36000 -2.40630 1.78180 0.55400 0.01287 -0.24839 0.63188 -0.12100 0.20000 0.11900 0.37026 -0.03260
0.75 -0.21246 -0.08620 -0.14400 -0.00738 0.17000 -0.55384 0.33100 3.90000 7.30176 1.41400 -0.00570 -2.28600 -2.26512 1.78180 0.55400 0.01080 -0.01298 0.51577 -0.05000 0.20000 0.05700 0.73517 -0.02877
1.00 -0.10451 -0.10200 -0.14400 -0.00588 0.17000 -0.65892 0.28100 3.70000 7.08727 1.41400 -0.00640 -2.23400 -2.27668 1.78180 0.55400 0.00946 0.06672 0.34048 0.00000 0.20000 0.01300 0.87764 -0.02561
1.50 -0.48665 -0.12000 -0.14400 -0.00630 0.17000 -0.58222 0.21000 3.55000 6.93264 1.41400 -0.00730 -2.16000 -2.28347 1.78180 0.55400 0.00788 -0.02289 0.12468 0.04000 0.20000 -0.04900 0.75438 -0.02034
2.00 -0.77433 -0.12000 -0.14400 -0.00630 0.17000 -0.58222 0.16000 3.55000 6.64496 1.41400 -0.00730 -2.16000 -2.28347 1.78180 0.55400 0.00788 -0.02289 0.12468 0.04000 0.20000 -0.04900 0.75438 -0.02034
3.00 -1.30916 -0.17260 -0.14400 -0.00553 0.17000 -0.57009 0.08900 3.50000 5.05488 1.41400 -0.00890 -2.03300 -2.03050 1.78180 0.55400 -0.00265 -0.20537 0.14593 0.04000 0.20000 -0.15600 0.61545 -0.01673
""")
COEFFS_UNPRIMED = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\
imt c1 c3as c4as c5 c6as c8 ca9 c10as c11 c12y c13y c15 c17 c18y c19y c20 c24 c29 c30as c32 c33as c43 c46
pga 0.28815 0.00000 -0.14400 -0.00967 0.17000 -0.70494 0.37000 5.60000 8.68354 1.41400 0.00000 -2.55200 -2.56727 1.78180 0.55400 0.01550 -0.50962 0.30206 -0.23000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.31769 -0.03279
0.075 1.36561 0.03000 -0.14400 -0.00889 0.17000 -0.94568 0.37000 5.58000 8.68782 1.41400 0.00000 -2.70700 -2.54215 1.78180 0.55400 0.01850 -0.48652 0.31139 -0.28000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.48366 -0.03452
0.10 1.77717 0.02800 -0.14400 -0.00837 0.17000 -1.01852 0.37000 5.50000 9.37929 1.41400 -0.00110 -2.65500 -2.60945 1.78180 0.55400 0.01740 -0.61973 0.34059 -0.28000 0.20000 0.26000 -0.43854 -0.03595
0.20 1.39535 -0.01380 -0.14400 -0.00940 0.17000 -0.78199 0.37000 5.10000 10.6148 1.41400 -0.00270 -2.52800 -2.70851 1.78180 0.55400 0.01542 -0.67672 0.37235 -0.24500 0.20000 0.26000 -0.29906 -0.03853
0.30 0.44591 -0.03600 -0.14400 -0.00987 0.17000 -0.56098 0.37000 4.80000 9.40776 1.41400 -0.00360 -2.45400 -2.47668 1.78180 0.55400 0.01278 -0.59339 0.56648 -0.19500 0.20000 0.19800 -0.05184 -0.03604
0.40 0.01645 -0.05180 -0.14400 -0.00923 0.17000 -0.51281 0.37000 4.52000 8.50343 1.41400 -0.00430 -2.40100 -2.36895 1.78180 0.55400 0.01426 -0.30579 0.69911 -0.16000 0.20000 0.15400 0.20301 -0.03364
0.50 0.14826 -0.06350 -0.14400 -0.00823 0.17000 -0.56716 0.37000 4.30000 8.46463 1.41400 -0.00480 -2.36000 -2.40630 1.78180 0.55400 0.01287 -0.24839 0.63188 -0.12100 0.20000 0.11900 0.37026 -0.03260
0.75 -0.21246 -0.08620 -0.14400 -0.00738 0.17000 -0.55384 0.33100 3.90000 7.30176 1.41400 -0.00570 -2.28600 -2.26512 1.78180 0.55400 0.01080 -0.01298 0.51577 -0.05000 0.20000 0.05700 0.73517 -0.02877
1.00 -0.10451 -0.10200 -0.14400 -0.00588 0.17000 -0.65892 0.28100 3.70000 7.08727 1.41400 -0.00640 -2.23400 -2.27668 1.78180 0.55400 0.00946 0.06672 0.34048 0.00000 0.20000 0.01300 0.87764 -0.02561
1.50 -0.48665 -0.12000 -0.14400 -0.00630 0.17000 -0.58222 0.21000 3.55000 6.93264 1.41400 -0.00730 -2.16000 -2.28347 1.78180 0.55400 0.00788 -0.02289 0.12468 0.04000 0.20000 -0.04900 0.75438 -0.02034
2.00 -0.77433 -0.12000 -0.14400 -0.00630 0.17000 -0.58222 0.16000 3.55000 6.64496 1.41400 -0.00730 -2.16000 -2.28347 1.78180 0.55400 0.00788 -0.02289 0.12468 0.04000 0.20000 -0.04900 0.75438 -0.02034
3.00 -1.30916 -0.17260 -0.14400 -0.00553 0.17000 -0.57009 0.08900 3.50000 5.05488 1.41400 -0.00890 -2.03300 -2.03050 1.78180 0.55400 -0.00265 -0.20537 0.14593 0.04000 0.20000 -0.15600 0.61545 -0.01673
""")
#: Coefficient table for standard deviation calculation (table 4, page 109)
COEFFS_STD = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\
imt sigmaM6 sigSlope tau
pga 0.4865 -0.1261 0.2687
0.075 0.5281 -0.0970 0.3217
0.10 0.5398 -0.0673 0.3088
0.20 0.5703 -0.0243 0.2726
0.30 0.5505 -0.0861 0.2112
0.40 0.5627 -0.1405 0.2005
0.50 0.5680 -0.1444 0.1476
0.75 0.5562 -0.0932 0.1794
1.00 0.5629 -0.0749 0.2053
1.50 0.5394 -0.0056 0.2411
2.00 0.5394 -0.0056 0.2411
3.00 0.5701 0.0934 0.2406
""")
[docs]class McVerry2006SInter(McVerry2006Asc):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006Asc` for Subduction Interface events (SInter)
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
This class implements the GMPE for Subduction Interface
earthquakes (SInter suffix).
The GMPE distinguishes between rock (vs30 >= 760) and deep soil
(vs30 < 760) which equation to the New Zealand site class A and B (rock)
and C,D and E (soil).
"""
kind = "sinter"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTERFACE
[docs]class McVerry2006SSlab(McVerry2006Asc):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006Asc` for Subduction Intraslab events (SSlab)
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
This class implements the GMPE for Subduction Intraslab
earthquakes (SSlab suffix).
The GMPE distinguishes between rock (vs30 >= 760) and deep soil
(vs30 < 760) which equation to the New Zealand site class A and B (rock)
and C,D and E (soil).
"""
kind = "slab"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTRASLAB
[docs]class McVerry2006Volc(McVerry2006Asc):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006Asc` for earthquakes with Volcanic paths (Volc)
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
This class implements the GMPE for earthquakes with Volcanic paths
The GMPE distinguishes between rock (vs30 >= 760) and deep soil
(vs30 < 760) which equation to the New Zealand site class A and B (rock)
and C,D and E (soil). The rake angle is also taken into account to
distinguish between faulting mechanisms. A hanging-wall term is noted in
the functional form of the model in the paper but is not used at present.
rvolc is equal to rrup
"""
kind = "vol"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.VOLCANIC
[docs]class McVerry2006AscSC(McVerry2006Asc):
kind = "asc_sc"
#: Uses NZS1170.5 site classification. Calls of 'A' or 'B' yield the same
# outputs. 'E' is not a valid option
REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = {'siteclass'}
[docs]class McVerry2006SInterSC(McVerry2006AscSC):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006AscSC` for Subduction Interface events (SInter)
Identical to class McVerry2006SInter, except the site term is defined in
terms of siteclass instead of Vs30.
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
"""
kind = "sinter_sc"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTERFACE
[docs]class McVerry2006SSlabSC(McVerry2006AscSC):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006AscSC` for Subduction Intraslab events (SSlab)
Identical to class McVerry2006SSlab, except the site term is defined in
terms of siteclass instead of Vs30.
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
"""
kind = "slab_sc"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.SUBDUCTION_INTRASLAB
[docs]class McVerry2006VolcSC(McVerry2006AscSC):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006AscSC` for earthquakes with Volcanic paths (Volc)
Identical to class McVerry2006Volc, except the site term is defined in
terms of siteclass instead of Vs30.
Implements GMPE developed by G. McVerry, J. Zhao, N.A. Abrahamson,
P. Somerville published as "New Zealand Acceleration Response Spectrum
Attenuation Relations for Crustal and Subduction Zone Earthquakes",
Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, v.39,
no. 1, p. 1-58, March 2006.
URL: http://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/Bulletin/Archive/39(1)0001.pdf
Last accessed 10 September 2014.
This class implements the GMPE for earthquakes with Volcanic paths
rvolc is equal to rrup
"""
kind = "vol_sc"
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.VOLCANIC
[docs]class McVerry2006Chch(McVerry2006AscSC):
"""
Extends McVerry2006AscSC to implement modifications required for the
Canterbury Seismic Hazard Model (CSHM).
"""
#: This implementation is non-verified because the model has not been
#: published, nor is independent code available.
non_verified = True
kind = "chch"
additional_sigma = 0
REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = (
McVerry2006AscSC.REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS | {"in_cshm"})
[docs] def compute(self, ctx: np.recarray, imts, mean, sig, tau, phi):
"""
See :meth:`superclass method
<.base.GroundShakingIntensityModel.compute>`
for spec of input and result values.
"""
# Compute SA with primed coeffs and PGA with both unprimed and
# primed coeffs
C_PGA = self.COEFFS_PRIMED[PGA()]
C_PGA_unprimed = self.COEFFS_UNPRIMED[PGA()]
for m, imt in enumerate(imts):
C = self.COEFFS_PRIMED[imt]
SC = self.COEFFS_STRESS[imt]
# Get S term to determine if consider site term is applied
S = _get_site_class(self.kind, ctx)
# Abrahamson and Silva (1997) hanging wall term. This is not used
# in the latest version of GMPE but is defined in functional form
# in the paper so we keep it here as a placeholder
f4HW = _compute_f4(C, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup)
# Flags for rake angles
CN, CR = _get_fault_mechanism_flags(ctx.rake)
# Get volcanic path distance
rvol = ctx.rrup if self.kind.startswith("vol") else 0.
# Get delta_C and delta_D terms for site class
delta_C, delta_D = _get_deltas(self.kind, ctx)
# Get Atkinson and Boore (2006) stress drop factors or additional
# standard deviation adjustment. Only apply these factors to
# sources located within the boundaries of the CSHM.
if self.kind == 'drop':
stress_drop_factor = _compute_stress_drop_adjustment(
ctx.in_cshm, SC, ctx.mag)
additional_sigma = self.additional_sigma
else:
stress_drop_factor = 0
additional_sigma = 0
# Compute lnPGA_ABCD primed
lnPGAp_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C_PGA, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup, rvol,
ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Compute lnPGA_ABCD unprimed
lnPGA_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C_PGA_unprimed, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup,
rvol, ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Compute lnSA_ABCD
lnSAp_ABCD = _compute_mean(
self.kind, C, S, ctx.mag, ctx.rrup, rvol,
ctx.hypo_depth, CN, CR, f4HW, delta_C, delta_D)
# Stage 3: Equation 6 SA_ABCD(T). This is lnSA_ABCD
# need to calculate final lnSA_ABCD from non-log values
# but return log
mean[m] = np.log(np.exp(lnSAp_ABCD) *
(np.exp(lnPGA_ABCD) /
np.exp(lnPGAp_ABCD))) + stress_drop_factor
# Compute standard deviations
C_STD = self.COEFFS_STD[imt]
sig[m], tau[m], phi[m] = _get_stddevs(
self.kind, C_STD, ctx, additional_sigma)
#: Coefficient table (Atkinson and Boore, 2006, table 7, page 2201)
COEFFS_STRESS = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\
IMT delta M1 Mh
pga 0.15 0.50 5.50
0.025 0.15 0.00 5.00
0.031 0.15 0.00 5.00
0.04 0.15 0.00 5.00
0.05 0.15 0.00 5.00
0.063 0.15 0.17 5.17
0.079 0.15 0.34 5.34
0.1 0.15 0.50 5.50
0.126 0.15 1.15 5.67
0.158 0.15 1.85 5.84
0.199 0.15 2.50 6.00
0.251 0.15 2.90 6.12
0.315 0.15 3.30 6.25
0.397 0.15 3.65 6.37
0.5 0.15 4.00 6.50
0.629 0.15 4.17 6.70
0.794 0.15 4.34 6.95
1.00 0.15 4.50 7.20
1.25 0.15 4.67 7.45
1.587 0.15 4.84 7.70
2.0 0.15 5.00 8.00
2.5 0.15 5.25 8.12
3.125 0.15 5.50 8.25
4.0 0.15 5.75 8.37
5.0 0.15 6.00 8.50
pgv 0.11 2.00 5.50
""")
[docs]class McVerry2006ChchStressDrop(McVerry2006Chch):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006AscChch` to implement the 'stress drop'
factors developed in:
McVerry, G., Gerstenberger, M., Rhoades, D., 2011. "Evaluation of the
Z-factor and peak ground accelerations for Christchurch following the
13 June 2011 earthquake", GNS Science Report 2011/45, 29p.
The coefficient table is identical to that in Atkinson, G. and Boore,
D., (2006), "Earthquake ground motion prediction equations for eastern
North America, BSSA, 96(6), 2181-2205, doi:10.1785/0120050245.
with a stress drop ratio of 1.5
"""
kind = "drop"
[docs]class McVerry2006ChchAdditionalSigma(McVerry2006Chch):
"""
Extend :class:`McVerry2006AscChch` to implement the 'additional
epistemic uncertainty' version of the model in:
McVerry, G., Gerstenberger, M., Rhoades, D., 2011. "Evaluation of the
Z-factor and peak ground accelerations for Christchurch following the
13 June 2011 earthquake", GNS Science Report 2011/45, 29p.
"""
# Additional "epistemic" uncertainty version of the model. The value
# is not published, only available from G. McVerry
# (pers. communication 9/8/18).
additional_sigma = 0.35
