Rupture Model

As the scenario calculator does not need to determine the probability of occurrence of the specific rupture, but only sufficient information to parameterise the location (as a three-dimensional surface), the magnitude and the style-of- faulting of the rupture, a more simplified NRML structure is sufficient compared to the source model structures described previously in Source typologies. A rupture model XML can be defined in the following formats:

1. Simple fault rupture

2. Planar and Multi-Planar fault rupture

3. Complex fault rupture

4. Gridded Rupture

Simple Fault Rupture

In a Simple Fault Rupture model, the geometry is defined by the trace of the fault rupture, the dip and the upper and lower seismogenic depths. An example is shown in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
        xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5">

        <simpleFaultRupture>
        <magnitude>6.7</magnitude>
        <rake>180.0</rake>
        <hypocenter lon="-122.02750" lat="37.61744" depth="6.7"/>
        <simpleFaultGeometry>
                <gml:LineString>
                <gml:posList>
                        -121.80236 37.39713
                        -121.91453 37.48312
                        -122.00413 37.59493
                        -122.05088 37.63995
                        -122.09226 37.68095
                        -122.17796 37.78233
                </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
                <dip>76.0</dip>
                <upperSeismoDepth>0.0</upperSeismoDepth>
                <lowerSeismoDepth>13.4</lowerSeismoDepth>
        </simpleFaultGeometry>
        </simpleFaultRupture>

</nrml>

Planar and Multi-Planar Rupture

In a Planar or Multi-Planar Rupture model, the geometry is defined as a collection of one or more rectangular planes, each defined by four corners. An example of a multi-planar rupture is shown below in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<nrml xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
      xmlns="http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5">

    <multiPlanesRupture>
        <magnitude>8.0</magnitude>
        <rake>90.0</rake>
        <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/>
            <planarSurface strike="90.0" dip="45.0">
                <topLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <topRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <bottomLeft lon="-0.8" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" />
                <bottomRight lon="-0.4" lat="-2.3890" depth="10.0" />
            </planarSurface>
            <planarSurface strike="30.94744" dip="30.0">
                <topLeft lon="-0.42" lat="-2.3" depth="0.0" />
                <topRight lon="-0.29967" lat="-2.09945" depth="0.0" />
                <bottomLeft lon="-0.28629" lat="-2.38009" depth="10.0" />
                <bottomRight lon="-0.16598" lat="-2.17955" depth="10.0" />
            </planarSurface>
    </multiPlanesRupture>

</nrml>

Complex Fault Rupture

In a Complex Fault Rupture model, the geometry is defined by the upper, lower and (if applicable) intermediate edges of the fault rupture. An example of a complex fault rupture is shown below in the listing below:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <complexFaultRupture>
        <magnitude>8.0</magnitude>
        <rake>90.0</rake>
        <hypocenter lat="-1.4" lon="1.1" depth="10.0"/>
        <complexFaultGeometry>
            <faultTopEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.6 -1.5 2.0
                        1.0 -1.3 5.0
                        1.5 -1.0 8.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </faultTopEdge>
            <intermediateEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.65 -1.55 4.0
                        1.1  -1.4  10.0
                        1.5  -1.2  20.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </intermediateEdge>
            <faultBottomEdge>
                <gml:LineString>
                    <gml:posList>
                        0.65 -1.7 8.0
                        1.1  -1.6 15.0
                        1.5  -1.7 35.0
                    </gml:posList>
                </gml:LineString>
            </faultBottomEdge>
        </complexFaultGeometry>
    </complexFaultRupture>

</nrml>

Gridded Rupture

In a Gridded Rupture the geometry is defined in terms of a GriddedSurface which is a mesh of points. An example of gridded rupture is shown below in the listing below:

.. code-block:: xml

<?xml version=’1.0’ encoding=’utf-8’?> <nrml xmlns:gml=”http://www.opengis.net/gml”

xmlns=”http://openquake.org/xmlns/nrml/0.5”> <griddedRupture probs_occur=”0.984 0.016”>

<magnitude>8.2</magnitude> <rake>90.0</rake> <hypocenter depth=”19.2” lat=”35.301” lon=”140.859”/> <griddedSurface>

<gml:posList>

141.659 35.121 9.8 141.659 35.099 9.6 141.659 35.076 9.4 …

</gml:posList>

</griddedSurface>

</griddedRupture>

</nrml>