# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2021 GEM Foundation
#
# OpenQuake is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# OpenQuake is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with OpenQuake. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""
Module exports :class:`ESHM20Craton`
"""
import numpy as np
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.base import GMPE, CoeffsTable
from openquake.hazardlib.imt import PGA, SA
from openquake.hazardlib import const
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.nga_east import (get_tau_at_quantile,
get_phi_ss_at_quantile,
TAU_EXECUTION, TAU_SETUP,
PHI_SETUP, get_phi_ss,
NGAEastGMPE)
from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.usgs_ceus_2019 import get_stewart_2019_phis2s
[docs]class ESHM20Craton(GMPE):
"""
Implements a scalable backbone GMPE for application to stable cratonic
regions (primarily intended for cratonic Europe). The median ground motion
is determined by fitting a parametric model to an extensive set of ground
motion scenarios from the suite of NGA East ground motion models for 800
m/s site class. The form of the parametric model is based on that of
:class:`openquake.hazardlib.gsim.kotha_2019.KothaEtAl2019`, and the
scaling in terms of the number of standard deviations of the epistemic
uncertainty (sigma).
The aleatory uncertainty model is that of Al Atik (2015), which is common
to all NGA East ground motion models and configurable by the user.
:param float epsilon:
Number of standard deviations above or below the median to be applied
to the epistemic uncertainty sigma
:param str tau_model:
Choice of model for the inter-event standard deviation (tau), selecting
from "global" {default}, "cena" or "cena_constant"
:param str phi_model:
Choice of model for the single-station intra-event standard deviation
(phi_ss), selecting from "global" {default}, "cena" or "cena_constant"
:param TAU:
Inter-event standard deviation model
:param PHI_SS:
Single-station standard deviation model
:param PHI_S2SS:
Station term for ergodic standard deviation model
:param bool ergodic:
True if an ergodic model is selected, False otherwise
:param float tau_quantile:
Epistemic uncertainty quantile for the inter-event standard
deviation models. Float in the range 0 to 1, or None (mean value
used)
:param float phi_ss_quantile:
Epistemic uncertainty quantile for the intra-event standard
deviation models. Float in the range 0 to 1, or None (mean value
used)
:param float phi_s2ss_quantile:
Epistemic uncertainty quantile for the site-to-site standard
deviation models. Float in the range 0 to 1, or None (mean value
used)
:param float site_epsilon:
Number of standard deviations above or below median for the uncertainty
in the site amplification model
"""
experimental = True
#: Supported tectonic region type is 'active shallow crust'
DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.STABLE_CONTINENTAL
#: The GMPE is defined only for PGA and SA
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_TYPES = set([
PGA,
SA
])
#: Supported intensity measure component is the geometric mean of two
#: horizontal components
DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_COMPONENT = const.IMC.RotD50
#: Supported standard deviation types are inter-event, intra-event
#: and total
DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES = set([
const.StdDev.TOTAL,
const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT,
const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT
])
#: Median calibrated for Vs30 3000 m/s Vs30, no site term required Vs30
REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = {'vs30'}
#: Requires only magnitude
REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = {'mag'}
#: Required distance measure is Rrup
REQUIRES_DISTANCES = {'rrup'}
#: Defined for a reference velocity of 3000 m/s
DEFINED_FOR_REFERENCE_VELOCITY = 3000.0
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
Instantiates the class with additional terms controlling both the
epistemic uncertainty in the median and the preferred aleatory
uncertainty model ('global', 'cena_constant', 'cena'), and the quantile
of the epistemic uncertainty model (float in the range 0 to 1, or None)
"""
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.epsilon = kwargs.get("epsilon", 0.0)
self.tau_model = kwargs.get("tau_model", "global")
self.phi_model = kwargs.get("phi_model", "global")
self.ergodic = kwargs.get("ergodic", True)
self.tau_quantile = kwargs.get("tau_quantile", None)
self.phi_ss_quantile = kwargs.get("phi_ss_quantile", None)
self.site_epsilon = kwargs.get("site_epsilon", 0.0)
self.TAU = None
self.PHI_SS = None
self.PHI_S2SS = None
self._setup_standard_deviations()
def _setup_standard_deviations(self):
"""
Defines the standard deviation model from the NGA East aleatory
uncertainty model according to the calibrations specified by the user
"""
# setup tau
self.TAU = get_tau_at_quantile(TAU_SETUP[self.tau_model]["MEAN"],
TAU_SETUP[self.tau_model]["STD"],
self.tau_quantile)
# setup phi
self.PHI_SS = get_phi_ss_at_quantile(PHI_SETUP[self.phi_model],
self.phi_ss_quantile)
[docs] def get_mean_and_stddevs(self, sctx, rctx, dctx, imt, stddev_types):
"""
Returns the mean and standard deviations
"""
C = self.COEFFS[imt]
C_ROCK = self.COEFFS[PGA()]
pga_r = self.get_hard_rock_mean(C_ROCK, rctx, dctx)
# Get the desired spectral acceleration on rock
if not str(imt) == "PGA":
# Calculate the ground motion at required spectral period for
# the reference rock
mean = self.get_hard_rock_mean(C, rctx, dctx)
else:
# Avoid re-calculating PGA if that was already done!
mean = np.copy(pga_r)
mean += self.get_site_amplification(imt, np.exp(pga_r), sctx)
# Get standard deviation model
nsites = dctx.rrup.shape
stddevs = self.get_stddevs(rctx.mag, imt, sctx, stddev_types, nsites)
if self.epsilon:
# If requested, apply epistemic uncertainty
mean += (self.epsilon * C["sigma_mu"])
return mean, stddevs
[docs] def get_hard_rock_mean(self, C, rctx, dctx):
"""
Returns the mean and standard deviations for the reference very hard
rock condition (Vs30 = 3000 m/s)
"""
return self.get_magnitude_scaling(C, rctx.mag) +\
self.get_distance_term(C, rctx.mag, dctx.rrup)
[docs] def get_magnitude_scaling(self, C, mag):
"""
Returns the magnitude scaling term
"""
d_m = mag - self.CONSTANTS["Mh"]
if mag <= self.CONSTANTS["Mh"]:
return C["e1"] + C["b1"] * d_m + C["b2"] * (d_m ** 2.0)
else:
return C["e1"] + C["b3"] * d_m
[docs] def get_distance_term(self, C, mag, rrup):
"""
Returns the distance attenuation factor
"""
rval = np.sqrt(rrup ** 2. + self.CONSTANTS["h"] ** 2.)
rref_val = np.sqrt(self.CONSTANTS["Rref"] ** 2. +
self.CONSTANTS["h"] ** 2.)
f_r = (C["c1"] + C["c2"] * (mag - self.CONSTANTS["Mref"])) *\
np.log(rval / rref_val) + (C["c3"] * (rval - rref_val) / 100.)
return f_r
[docs] def get_site_amplification(self, imt, pga_r, sites):
"""
Returns the sum of the linear (Stewart et al., 2019) and non-linear
(Hashash et al., 2019) amplification terms
"""
# Get the coefficients for the IMT
C_LIN = NGAEastGMPE.LINEAR_COEFFS[imt]
C_F760 = NGAEastGMPE.F760[imt]
C_NL = NGAEastGMPE.NONLINEAR_COEFFS[imt]
if str(imt).startswith("PGA"):
period = 0.01
elif str(imt).startswith("PGV"):
period = 0.5
else:
period = imt.period
# Get f760
f760 = NGAEastGMPE._get_f760(C_F760, sites.vs30,
NGAEastGMPE.CONSTANTS)
# Get the linear amplification factor
f_lin = NGAEastGMPE._get_fv(C_LIN, sites, f760,
NGAEastGMPE.CONSTANTS)
# Get the nonlinear amplification from Hashash et al., (2017)
f_nl, f_rk = NGAEastGMPE.get_fnl(C_NL, pga_r, sites.vs30, period)
# Mean amplification
ampl = f_lin + f_nl
# If an epistemic uncertainty is required then retrieve the epistemic
# sigma of both models and multiply by the input epsilon
if self.site_epsilon:
# In the case of the linear model sigma_f760 and sigma_fv are
# assumed independent and the resulting sigma_flin is the root
# sum of squares (SRSS)
f760_stddev = NGAEastGMPE._get_f760(C_F760, sites.vs30,
NGAEastGMPE.CONSTANTS,
is_stddev=True)
f_lin_stddev = np.sqrt(
f760_stddev ** 2. +
NGAEastGMPE.get_linear_stddev(
C_LIN, sites.vs30, NGAEastGMPE.CONSTANTS) ** 2)
# Likewise, the epistemic uncertainty on the linear and nonlinear
# model are assumed independent and the SRSS is taken
f_nl_stddev = NGAEastGMPE.get_nonlinear_stddev(
C_NL, sites.vs30) * f_rk
site_epistemic = np.sqrt(f_lin_stddev ** 2. + f_nl_stddev ** 2.)
ampl += (self.site_epsilon * site_epistemic)
return ampl
[docs] def get_stddevs(self, mag, imt, sites, stddev_types, num_sites):
"""
Returns the standard deviations for either the ergodic or
non-ergodic models
"""
tau = self._get_tau(imt, mag)
phi = self._get_phi(imt, mag, sites, num_sites)
sigma = np.sqrt(tau ** 2. + phi ** 2.)
stddevs = []
for stddev_type in stddev_types:
assert stddev_type in self.DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES
if stddev_type == const.StdDev.TOTAL:
stddevs.append(sigma + np.zeros(num_sites))
elif stddev_type == const.StdDev.INTRA_EVENT:
stddevs.append(phi + np.zeros(num_sites))
elif stddev_type == const.StdDev.INTER_EVENT:
stddevs.append(tau + np.zeros(num_sites))
return stddevs
def _get_tau(self, imt, mag):
"""
Returns the inter-event standard deviation (tau)
"""
return TAU_EXECUTION[self.tau_model](imt, mag, self.TAU)
def _get_phi(self, imt, mag, sites, num_sites):
"""
Returns the within-event standard deviation (phi). If the ergodic
model is chosen the "global" phi_s2s model of Stewart et al. (2019)
is used.
"""
phi = get_phi_ss(imt, mag, self.PHI_SS)
if self.ergodic:
phi_s2s = get_stewart_2019_phis2s(imt, sites.vs30)
phi = np.sqrt(phi ** 2. + phi_s2s ** 2.)
return phi
COEFFS = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\
imt e1 b1 b2 b3 c1 c2 c3 sigma_mu
pga 0.129433711217154 0.516399476752765 -0.1203218740054820 0.209372712495698 -1.49820100429001 0.220432033342701 -0.2193114966960720 0.467518017234970
0.010 0.441910295918064 0.507166125004641 -0.1018797167490890 0.184282079939229 -1.56753763950638 0.222961320838036 -0.2173850863710700 0.424145087820724
0.020 0.979123809125496 0.464490220614734 -0.1137734938103270 0.167233525048116 -1.62825571194736 0.226150925046427 -0.2441521749125150 0.453414267627762
0.025 1.043340609418350 0.469670674909745 -0.1134508651616400 0.174065913292435 -1.60908830139611 0.224104272434454 -0.2576680445215000 0.456276006752802
0.030 1.046568495683850 0.476295173341630 -0.1145295451766630 0.188789464775533 -1.57834523952911 0.220697857317202 -0.2700129055991920 0.442617576906802
0.040 1.007663453495640 0.493809587666455 -0.1150108357853370 0.208535847120219 -1.52232244977795 0.215223039177726 -0.2874767187616130 0.432692547164462
0.050 0.951568976547282 0.507030793387879 -0.1169997424043950 0.227662857289356 -1.47612267464663 0.210020976504110 -0.2982691158785990 0.436894676747672
0.075 0.766898926868941 0.537817749890152 -0.1257930384357200 0.255897568366613 -1.39013641948231 0.198935495001160 -0.3062526875169160 0.445048551267241
0.100 0.566921463821433 0.563265477669262 -0.1390887741365440 0.285966324295526 -1.32905052927637 0.189118846081288 -0.2963709612002850 0.445057073756783
0.150 0.316925422496063 0.627617718350029 -0.1689678154012890 0.338414772067430 -1.25211993705245 0.167801937655424 -0.2665003749714420 0.408938323358624
0.200 0.116888680130253 0.691136578143751 -0.1911386191534560 0.377390002770526 -1.20586644897371 0.154400113563626 -0.2365399916865360 0.396717600597790
0.250 -0.043842379857700 0.744829702492645 -0.2085160327338160 0.406488784261977 -1.18352051545358 0.146981292282198 -0.2083030844596630 0.385803497323193
0.300 -0.198476724421674 0.799805296458131 -0.2231548236155840 0.433865912912985 -1.16557023447139 0.140633373085703 -0.1797968441826460 0.386776049771811
0.400 -0.441747369972888 0.897281226627442 -0.2422049150995460 0.483912433515021 -1.15156734492077 0.133979350791855 -0.1362509955087160 0.395064995993542
0.500 -0.637444825872443 0.992673274984355 -0.2539089461326410 0.526938715295978 -1.14419843291335 0.129943753235505 -0.1121349311669610 0.416676943629526
0.750 -1.032362404718110 1.237960033431780 -0.2483534410193260 0.613138137400433 -1.12728314803895 0.121478497518643 -0.0735664802614733 0.424883714950325
1.000 -1.372802902796470 1.445803895497810 -0.2291157391507420 0.691619273496051 -1.10947364377839 0.116810841150476 -0.0583506072267647 0.435248946431388
1.500 -1.888467249398300 1.730211169117530 -0.1937203497378370 0.805618949392974 -1.10238976578388 0.114304314269286 -0.0390002103787838 0.494395041361088
2.000 -2.334523112985840 1.920451196131200 -0.1617462515371870 0.908051097334214 -1.09476613327876 0.113858927938807 -0.0296892844443899 0.529656872094865
3.000 -3.034920080151080 2.146848246139110 -0.1148224554001390 1.085140635646810 -1.09084212215003 0.115716684506372 -0.0198059757373382 0.550851605706151
4.000 -3.576616283968620 2.262687822224390 -0.0885264828734587 1.227765676724790 -1.09028991715414 0.117770415095847 -0.0135787505915478 0.547911773655132
5.000 -4.022628827670580 2.318743563950980 -0.0777038034207444 1.346637420710540 -1.09024942151365 0.118983393877196 -0.0083301911092432 0.536941450716745
7.500 -4.876430881706430 2.373219226144200 -0.0645988540118558 1.529692859278580 -1.10750011821578 0.131643152520841 -0.0000488890402107 0.531853282981450
10.00 -5.489149076214530 2.381480607871230 -0.0633541563175792 1.620019767639500 -1.12740443208222 0.141291747206530 0.0059559626930461 0.560198970449326
""")
CONSTANTS = {"Mref": 4.5, "Rref": 1., "Mh": 6.2, "h": 5.0}