Source code for openquake.hazardlib.gsim.sadigh_1997

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
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"""
Module exports :class:`SadighEtAl1997`.
"""
from __future__ import division

import numpy

from openquake.hazardlib.gsim.base import GMPE, CoeffsTable
from openquake.hazardlib import const
from openquake.hazardlib.imt import PGA, SA


[docs]class SadighEtAl1997(GMPE): """ Implements GMPE developed by Sadigh, K., C. -Y. Chang, J. A. Egan, F. Makdisi, and R. R. Youngs (1997) and published as "Attenuation relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes based on California strong motion data", Seismological Research Letters, 68(1), 180-189. """ #: Supported tectonic region type is active shallow crust, #: since data consists of California earthquakes mainly. DEFINED_FOR_TECTONIC_REGION_TYPE = const.TRT.ACTIVE_SHALLOW_CRUST #: Supported intensity measure types are spectral acceleration, #: and peak ground acceleration, see page 180. DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_TYPES = set([ PGA, SA ]) #: Supported intensity measure component is the geometric mean of #two : horizontal components #:attr:`~openquake.hazardlib.const.IMC.AVERAGE_HORIZONTAL`, : see #page 180. DEFINED_FOR_INTENSITY_MEASURE_COMPONENT = const.IMC.AVERAGE_HORIZONTAL #: Supported standard deviation type is only total, see table 3. DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES = set([ const.StdDev.TOTAL ]) #: Required site parameter is only Vs30 (used to distinguish rock #: and deep soil). REQUIRES_SITES_PARAMETERS = set(('vs30', )) #: Required rupture parameters are magnitude and rake (eq. 1). REQUIRES_RUPTURE_PARAMETERS = set(('rake', 'mag')) #: Required distance measure is RRup (eq. 1). REQUIRES_DISTANCES = set(('rrup', )) #: If site vs30 is more than 750 m/s -- treat the soil as rock. #: See page 180. ROCK_VS30 = 750 #: Magnitude value to separate coefficients table because of near field #: saturation effect is 6.5. See page 184. NEAR_FIELD_SATURATION_MAG = 6.5
[docs] def get_mean_and_stddevs(self, sites, rup, dists, imt, stddev_types): """ See :meth:`superclass method <.base.GroundShakingIntensityModel.get_mean_and_stddevs>` for spec of input and result values. """ assert all(stddev_type in self.DEFINED_FOR_STANDARD_DEVIATION_TYPES for stddev_type in stddev_types) # GMPE differentiates strike-slip, reverse and normal ruptures, # but combines normal and strike-slip into one category. See page 180. is_reverse = (45 <= rup.rake <= 135) stddevs = [numpy.zeros_like(sites.vs30) for _ in stddev_types] means = numpy.zeros_like(sites.vs30) [rocks_i] = (sites.vs30 > self.ROCK_VS30).nonzero() if len(rocks_i): rrup = dists.rrup.take(rocks_i) mean_rock = self._get_mean_rock(rup.mag, rup.rake, rrup, is_reverse, imt) means.put(rocks_i, mean_rock) for stddev_arr in stddevs: stddev_rock = self._get_stddev_rock(rup.mag, imt) stddev_arr.put(rocks_i, stddev_rock) [soils_i] = (sites.vs30 <= self.ROCK_VS30).nonzero() if len(soils_i): rrup = dists.rrup.take(soils_i) mean_soil = self._get_mean_deep_soil(rup.mag, rup.rake, rrup, is_reverse, imt) means.put(soils_i, mean_soil) for stddev_arr in stddevs: stddev_soil = self._get_stddev_deep_soil(rup.mag, imt) stddev_arr.put(soils_i, stddev_soil) return means, stddevs
def _get_mean_deep_soil(self, mag, rake, rrup, is_reverse, imt): """ Calculate and return the mean intensity for deep soil sites. Implements an equation from table 4. """ if mag <= self.NEAR_FIELD_SATURATION_MAG: c4 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c4lowmag'] c5 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c5lowmag'] else: c4 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c4himag'] c5 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c5himag'] c2 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c2'] c3 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c3'] C = self.COEFFS_SOIL[imt] if is_reverse: c1 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c1r'] c6 = C['c6r'] else: c1 = self.COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT['c1ss'] c6 = C['c6ss'] # clip mag if greater than 8.5. This is to avoid # ValueError: negative number cannot be raised to a fractional power mag = 8.5 if mag > 8.5 else mag return (c1 + c2 * mag + c6 + C['c7'] * ((8.5 - mag) ** 2.5) - c3 * numpy.log(rrup + c4 * numpy.exp(c5 * mag))) def _get_mean_rock(self, mag, _rake, rrup, is_reverse, imt): """ Calculate and return the mean intensity for rock sites. Implements an equation from table 2. """ if mag <= self.NEAR_FIELD_SATURATION_MAG: C = self.COEFFS_ROCK_LOWMAG[imt] else: C = self.COEFFS_ROCK_HIMAG[imt] # clip mag if greater than 8.5. This is to avoid # ValueError: negative number cannot be raised to a fractional power mag = 8.5 if mag > 8.5 else mag mean = ( C['c1'] + C['c2'] * mag + C['c3'] * ((8.5 - mag) ** 2.5) + C['c4'] * numpy.log(rrup + numpy.exp(C['c5'] + C['c6'] * mag)) + C['c7'] * numpy.log(rrup + 2) ) if is_reverse: # footnote in table 2 says that for reverse ruptures # the mean amplitude value should be multiplied by 1.2 mean += 0.1823215567939546 # == log(1.2) return mean def _get_stddev_rock(self, mag, imt): """ Calculate and return total standard deviation for rock sites. Implements formulae from table 3. """ C = self.COEFFS_ROCK_STDDERR[imt] if mag > C['maxmag']: return C['maxsigma'] else: return C['sigma0'] + C['magfactor'] * mag def _get_stddev_deep_soil(self, mag, imt): """ Calculate and return total standard deviation for deep soil sites. Implements formulae from the last column of table 4. """ # footnote from table 4 says that stderr for magnitudes over 7 # is equal to one of magnitude 7. if mag > 7: mag = 7 C = self.COEFFS_SOIL[imt] return C['sigma0'] + C['magfactor'] * mag #: Coefficients tables for rock sites (table 2), for magnitude #: values of :attr:`NEAR_FIELD_SATURATION_MAG` and below. Damping #: for spectral acceleration here and in other SA-tables is 5%, #: see "introduction" section. COEFFS_ROCK_LOWMAG = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\ IMT c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 PGA -0.624 1.0 0.000 -2.100 1.29649 0.250 0.0 0.07 0.110 1.0 0.006 -2.128 1.29649 0.250 -0.082 0.10 0.275 1.0 0.006 -2.148 1.29649 0.250 -0.041 0.20 0.153 1.0 -0.004 -2.080 1.29649 0.250 0.0 0.30 -0.057 1.0 -0.017 -2.028 1.29649 0.250 0.0 0.40 -0.298 1.0 -0.028 -1.990 1.29649 0.250 0.0 0.50 -0.588 1.0 -0.040 -1.945 1.29649 0.250 0.0 0.75 -1.208 1.0 -0.050 -1.865 1.29649 0.250 0.0 1.0 -1.705 1.0 -0.055 -1.800 1.29649 0.250 0.0 1.5 -2.407 1.0 -0.065 -1.725 1.29649 0.250 0.0 2.0 -2.945 1.0 -0.070 -1.670 1.29649 0.250 0.0 3.0 -3.700 1.0 -0.080 -1.610 1.29649 0.250 0.0 4.0 -4.230 1.0 -0.100 -1.570 1.29649 0.250 0.0 """) #: Coefficients tables for rock sites (table 2), for magnitude #: values above :attr:`NEAR_FIELD_SATURATION_MAG`. COEFFS_ROCK_HIMAG = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\ IMT c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 PGA -1.274 1.1 0.000 -2.100 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 0.07 -0.540 1.1 0.006 -2.128 -0.48451 0.524 -0.082 0.10 -0.375 1.1 0.006 -2.148 -0.48451 0.524 -0.041 0.20 -0.497 1.1 -0.004 -2.080 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 0.30 -0.707 1.1 -0.017 -2.028 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 0.40 -0.948 1.1 -0.028 -1.990 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 0.50 -1.238 1.1 -0.040 -1.945 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 0.75 -1.858 1.1 -0.050 -1.865 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 1.0 -2.355 1.1 -0.055 -1.800 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 1.5 -3.057 1.1 -0.065 -1.725 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 2.0 -3.595 1.1 -0.070 -1.670 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 3.0 -4.350 1.1 -0.080 -1.610 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 4.0 -4.880 1.1 -0.100 -1.570 -0.48451 0.524 0.0 """) #: Coefficient tables for standard error on rock sites (table 3). COEFFS_ROCK_STDDERR = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\ IMT sigma0 magfactor maxsigma maxmag PGA 1.39 -0.14 0.38 7.21 0.07 1.40 -0.14 0.39 7.21 0.10 1.41 -0.14 0.40 7.21 0.20 1.43 -0.14 0.42 7.21 0.30 1.45 -0.14 0.44 7.21 0.40 1.48 -0.14 0.47 7.21 0.50 1.50 -0.14 0.49 7.21 0.75 1.52 -0.14 0.51 7.21 1.0 1.53 -0.14 0.52 7.21 4.0 1.53 -0.14 0.52 7.21 """) #: Coefficient tables for deep soil sites (table 4). COEFFS_SOIL = CoeffsTable(sa_damping=5, table="""\ IMT c6ss c6r c7 sigma0 magfactor maxmag PGA 0.0000 0.0000 0.0 1.52 -0.16 7 0.075 0.4572 0.4572 0.005 1.54 -0.16 7 0.1 0.6395 0.6395 0.005 1.54 -0.16 7 0.2 0.9187 0.9187 -0.004 1.565 -0.16 7 0.3 0.9547 0.9547 -0.014 1.58 -0.16 7 0.4 0.9251 0.9005 -0.024 1.595 -0.16 7 0.5 0.8494 0.8285 -0.033 1.61 -0.16 7 0.75 0.7010 0.6802 -0.051 1.635 -0.16 7 1.0 0.5665 0.5075 -0.065 1.66 -0.16 7 1.5 0.3235 0.2215 -0.090 1.69 -0.16 7 2.0 0.1001 -0.0526 -0.108 1.70 -0.16 7 3.0 -0.2801 -0.4905 -0.139 1.71 -0.16 7 4.0 -0.6274 -0.8907 -0.160 1.71 -0.16 7 """) #: IMT-independent coefficients for deep soil sites (table 4). COEFFS_SOIL_IMT_INDEPENDENT = { 'c1ss': -2.17, 'c1r': -1.92, 'c2': 1.0, 'c3': 1.7, 'c4lowmag': 2.1863, 'c5lowmag': 0.32, 'c4himag': 0.3825, 'c5himag': 0.5882 }